CLASS 9 GEOGRPAHY | Important Points and Short Notes | Chapter: 6 Population
Chapter: 6 Population
1. Human beings are producers and consumers of earth's resources. The census of India provide us with information regarding the population of our country. The first census was held in 1872, but complete census was taken was in the year 1881.
2. POPOULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION- On March 2001 India's population stood at 1.02 billion accounts for 16.7% of the world people are unevenly distributed over our country's vast area of 3.28 million sq. km accounts for 2.4 % of the world area.
Almost half of India's population lives in 5 states one of them is Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India, accounts for 16% of country's population and other 4 are Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh.
3. India's Population Distribution by Density- Population density is calculated as the number of person per unit area. The population density of India in the year 2001 was 324 persons per sq. km and in West Bengal 904 per sq. km and 13 person sq. km in Arunachal Pradesh.
Density also depend on climatic conditions, plains and type of soil of that area. Areas with unfavorable climate are responsible for sparse population and areas with fertile soil, flat plains are responsible for high population.
4. POPULATION GROWTH AND POCESSES OF POPULATION CHANGE - The population are constantly changing and is influencing by the interaction of the 3 processes, namely- births, deaths and migrations.
5. POPULATION GROWTH- Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country/territory during a specific period of time. This change can be expressed in 2 ways: in terms of absolute numbers and in terms of % change per year.
The rate or the pace of population increase is studied in per cent per annum, e.g. a rate of increase of 2 per cent per annum means that in a given year, there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is referred to as the annual growth rate.
Since 1981, the rate of growth started declining because during this period birth rates declined. India has a very large population so, when a low annual rate is applied to a very large population it yields a large absolute increase.
6. Processes of Population Change/ Growth- There are 3 processes of change of population:
(a) BIRTH RATE: is the number of live births per 1000 persons in a year.
(b) DEATH RATE: is the number of deaths per 1000 persons in a year.
(c) Migration: is the movement of people across regions and territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) and international (between the countries)
INTERNAL MIGRATION- does not change the size of the population within the nation but influences the distribution of population within the nation. Most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of "push" factor due to poverty and unemployment in the rural areas. "PULL" of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities.
7. AGE COMPOSITION- The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country. The population of a nation is generally grouped into 3 broad categories:
(a) Children (below 15 years)
They are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.
(b) Working age(15-59 years)
They are economically productive and biologically reproductive.
(c)Aged(above 59 years)
They can be economically productive though they may have retired. They may be working voluntarily but they are not available for employment through recruitment.
8. Sex ration- Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 100 males in the population.
Literacy rates- Literacy is a very important quality of a population. Acc. to Census of 2001, a person aged 7 years who can read and write with understanding in any language is treated as Literate.
9. Occupational Structure - The distribution od the population according to different types is occupation is known as the occupational structure. The proportion of people working in different activities varies in develop and developing countries.
10. HEALTH- Health is an important component of population composition, which affects if process of development. Health conditions of the Indian population deaths rates have declines. The substantial improvement is the result of improvement in public health, prevention of infectious disease.
11. Adolescent population- It constitutes one-fifth of the total population of India. Adolescents are generally grouped in the age-group of 10 to 19 years. The diet available to adolescents is inadequate in all nutrients. The adolescent girls have to be sensitized to the problems they confront. Their awareness can be improved through the spread of literacy and education among them.
12. National Population Policy- The Family Welfare Programme has sought to promote responsible and planned parenthood on a voluntary basis. The National population Policy 2000 is a culmination of years of planned efforts. The NPP 2000 provides a policy framework for imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age.
13. NPP 2000 and Adolescents- It called for programmes that aim towards encouraging delayed marriage and child-bearing, education of adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex, making contraceptive services accessible and affordable, providing food supplements, nutritional services, strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage.
People are the nation’s most valuable resource. A well- educated healthy population provides potential power.
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