CLASS 12 | Geography Important points and Short notes | Chapter 2 The world population Distribution, Density and Growth

CLASS 12 | Geography Important points and Short notes | Chapter 2 The world population Distribution, Density and Growth

 CHAPTER :- 2 

 THE WORLD POPULATION 

DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY AND GROWTH

1. People of a country are its real wealth. Ultimately a country is known by its people. How many men and women a country has, and how many children born and die? Whether they live in cities or villages? Can they write and read? What work they do?

2. Population of the world is unevenly distributed. Population distribution and density help us to understand the demographic characteristic of any area. 90% of the world population lives in about 105 of its land.

The 10 most populous countries of the world.

3. The ration between the numbers of people to the size of land. This ratio is the density of population.

Density of population =  Population/Area

Asia has the highest density of population.

4. Geographical Factors 

(a) Availability of water : Water is used for drinking, bathing and cooking – and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated.

(b) Landforms : People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries. Mountains zones in the Himalayas are scarcely populated.

(c) Climate :  An extreme climate such as hot or cold deserts are uncomfortable for human habitation.  Mediterranean regions were inhabited from early periods in history due to their pleasant climate.

(d) Soils: : Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities.Fertile loamy soils have more people living on them as these can support intensive agriculture.

5. Economic Factors 

(a)  Minerals :  Areas with mineral deposits attract industries, mining and industrial generate employment. So, skilled and semi-skilled work move to these places.

(b) Urbanisation : Places with better employment, educational and medical facilities, etc draws peoples to these places. It leads to rural to urban migration. Mega citites of the world continue to attract large no. of people.

(c) Industrialisation : Industrial belts provide job opportunities and attract large number of people not just factory workers but also transport operators, shopkeepers, doctors and other service providers. Kobe-Osaka region of Japan is thickly populated.

6. Social and Cultural Factors

Some places attract more people because they have religious or cultural significance. People tend to move away from places where there is social and political unrest.

7.  Birth, Death and migration are the three component of population.

CBR = Bi/p * 1000 (is used to calculate no. of live births in a year per 1000 person)

CBR = Crude Birth Rate; Bi = live births during the year; P=Mid year population of the area.

CDR = D/p * 1000 (is used to calculate no. of death in a year per thousand)

CBR = Crude Birth Rate; Bi = live births during the year; P=Mid year population of the area.

8. People move from one place to another, the place they move form is called Place of Origin and the place they move to is called Place of Destination. Migration can be permanent, temporary or seasonal, urban to urban and urban to rural areas. Same person is both an immigrant and an emigrant.

Immigration: Migrants who move into a new place.

Emigration: Migrants who move out of a place.

9. Push factor make the place of origin less attractive due to reasons like unemployment, poor living and etc

Pull factors make the place of destination more attractive for reasons like peace and security of life , living conditions and , many more things.

10. Human population increased more than ten times in the past 500 hundred years. In the twentieth century itself the population increased 4 times. Developed countries take more times to double their population as compared to developing countries.

11. Demographic transition theory describes and predict the future population of any area. Changes like high births and high death to low births and low deaths as society progresses from agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society these changes occurs.

The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate foe the deaths due epidemics and variable food supply. 200 years ago all the countries are in this stage.

In the beginning of second stage fertility remain high but it declines and accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. 

In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline. Population becomes more urbanised , literate and has high technical know. That's how population controls.

The present day, different country are at different stages of demographic transition.